10
votes
Accepted
Block header structure change under the Merge to Proof of Stake?
Your question is a bit tricky because it depends on which types of block you speak of.
After the merge, the beacon blocks will encapsulate all the info and thus can be considered as "the main ...
- 1,210
8
votes
Accepted
Why ETH merge use TTD instead of block number?
Because in the PoW network, the canonical chain represents the chain with the highest amount of work, not highest block number. If we use the chain with the highest block number, then a minority chain ...
- 4,308
8
votes
Miner-modifiability of block timestamp after the Merge
Does that mean block timestamps can no longer be tweaked or fudged by miners, after the Merge?
That's correct, (post-Merge) consensus on valid blocks is pre-determined timestamps that are not ...
eth♦
- 86.5k
7
votes
What is Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD)?
Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD) specifies the final, terminal Proof of Work block, after which the Proof of Stake consensus (implemented in the Beacon Chain) takes over.
Pictorially:
TTD is the total ...
eth♦
- 86.5k
5
votes
Accepted
What version of geth do i need for the merge?
You will need at least Geth version 1.10.23 (Sentry Omega).
https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement
In addition to Geth (an execution layer client), you will also need to run a ...
eth♦
- 86.5k
4
votes
Accepted
What is Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD)?
Literally, it means the timing to fork when the total difficulty over this value.
Please refer to the Ropsten Merge Announcement
https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/05/30/ropsten-merge-announcement/
"...
- 56
4
votes
Accepted
Do Light-clients still work after merge?
The syncing functionality of the geth light node does not currently (Nov 2022) work post-merge, because the historical execution layer blocks are no longer sufficient to light-verify the chain. There ...
- 66
3
votes
Accepted
Are transactions duplicated in both beacon chain and execution layer?
The Merge was the implementation of the Bellatrix consensus (layer) specs, the Paris execution (layer) specs, and the Engine API.
Bellatrix: https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/tree/dev/specs/...
eth♦
- 86.5k
3
votes
Accepted
How are Ethereum 2 block hashes computed?
According to EIP-3675, with the transition to Proof of Stake:
Each block field listed in the table below MUST be replaced with the corresponding constant value
Field
Constant value
Comment
...
eth♦
- 86.5k
3
votes
What is Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD)?
Terminal Total Difficulty is just a specific Total Difficulty value (totalDifficulty).
You need to understand the Merge in order to understand what this value is. Let me explain.
As you said, the ...
3
votes
Accepted
Which Ethereum testnet will be supported after the merge (Paris/Bellatrix)?
The Ethereum core developers decided that the following testnets will be maintained in the future, including the merge:
Sepolia Testnet (PoW), chain ID 11155111, https://sepolia.dev
Goerli Testnet (...
- 33k
2
votes
What exactly will trigger the merge?
When a block is mined with a total difficulty equal to or exceeding the Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD), this will signal the Proof of Stake consensus to take over block production.
Pictorially:
In ...
eth♦
- 86.5k
2
votes
Accepted
How would ethereum migrate a whole transaction history after The Merge?
No migration is needed because:
the Merge is designed via a block-inside-a-block structure: the
Ethereum PoW chain appears to continue, except past a certain
transition point (i) the PoW nonces are ...
eth♦
- 86.5k
2
votes
What version of geth do i need for the merge?
here is a good writeup for the current situation: https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement/
- 363
2
votes
Accepted
Why ethereum before the Merge is called execution layer and the Merge is called consensus layer?
The Beacon Chain is the Proof of Stake consensus layer. Conceptually, the execution chain gets merged with the Beacon Chain:
Source: https://github.com/ethereum/annotated-spec/blob/master/merge/...
eth♦
- 86.5k
2
votes
What is the current system requirements to be an Ethereum Validator node?
As of 9/2022:
Recommended hardware requirements to run a Full node:
A fast CPU with 4+ cores
16 GB+ of RAM
A fast SSD drive with at
least 1 TB of space (storage capacity will grow over time)
25 MBit/...
- 4,308
2
votes
finality of block number returned by `getBlockNumber()` in ethersjs
getBlockNumber uses latest (neither safe nor finalized).
You can use getBlock instead of getBlockNumber. Use getBlock('finalized').number and you get the latest finalized block number.
But it seems ...
- 121
2
votes
Accepted
Effect on Gas Fee from Eth Merge and expected time to see changes
No! Proof of stake is just another consensus mechanism like proof of work. It is not a scaling method in any way. The only remarkable benefit of POS is that it'll reduce power consumption.
And also ...
- 978
2
votes
Accepted
How is the Ethereum merge counter-timer calculated?
Through terminal total difficulty!
The merge happens when the difficulty reached certain stage which is called merge difficulty.
And the time takes to reach the merge difficulty from the current ...
- 978
1
vote
How are BeaconBlocks and BeaconStates interconnected?
The BeaconState is a single object that is maintained by the consensus client. It contains everything that needs to be persisted in order to run the proof of stake protocol, such as information about ...
- 9,317
1
vote
Accepted
Why do we still need to sync geth after the merge?
The Ethereum state is derived from both the consensus layer (beacon chain) and the execution layer.
From Which client holds the state of the chain? No single client holds the state of the chain.
For ...
eth♦
- 86.5k
1
vote
Sync Error after The Merge
Seems related to connection to "bad" peers in early sync. I have done a resync after the Merge and got the same error a lot.
1
vote
How will block height work after the merge
Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that validators propose and attest over a period of approximately 6.4 minutes. An epoch and all the blocks it's ...
- 4,308
1
vote
Does being an ethereum validator post-merge require me to have a computer on running core Ethereum?
If you're a validator post-merge, you do need to have a computer running and nodes connected to the blockchain at all times. Therefore, a good internet connection is a must-have. Offline validator ...
- 4,308
1
vote
What is the best way to claim my ETHW (POW) forked coins after the merge?
You can deposit ETH onto CEX that have announced they will support the PoW work. These CEX most certainly will give users their equivalent ETHW after the merge. If you're unwilling to deposit ETH onto ...
- 4,308
1
vote
Is there a time delay when the Ethereum merge happens or does it just happen instantly?
During the Ethereum merge of 2022, the merge will happen instantly after the final POW block is mined. All ETH on the Ethereum network under the current PoW consensus engine will be unaffected by the ...
- 4,308
1
vote
Miner-modifiability of block timestamp after the Merge
Validators (formerly miners) can still modify the block.timestamp. Before miners could manipulate the block.timestamp but if they were able to create the block. If they had 20 percent of hash power, ...
- 1,715
1
vote
Where can I predict and follow the exact time of Ethereum Merge event?
https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement
mentions:
Estimates for the transition can be found at bordel.wtf and 797.io/themerge
eth♦
- 86.5k
1
vote
Accepted
Where is the Json Web Token flag in geth?
Yes, it's the --authrpc.jwtsecret flag
A full geth command ready for the merge might look like the following:
geth --authrpc.addr localhost --authrpc.port 8551 --authrpc.vhosts localhost --authrpc....
- 12.4k
1
vote
What is Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD)?
TTD is the value of totalDifficulty at which merge will be triggered.
For Eth merge, TTD value is set to 58569738P which means when a particular blocks total difficulty exceed this TTD value, merge ...
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