17
votes
Accepted
What is SSZ SimpleSerialize and why was it developed?
SimpleSerialize (SSZ) is the canonical serialization format used in Eth2. The SSZ specification instructs the reader on how to perform two distinct tasks:
Encoding/Decoding: how to encode Eth2 data ...
- 1,248
8
votes
Accepted
What does the beacon chain deposit contract ceremony entail?
I'll have a go at answering this by producing a response that has a different structure to the question but should tick-off all the necessary points along the way. Hopefully I didn't miss any.
...
- 1,248
8
votes
Is there a penalty for having a ETH 2.0 Staking node go down?
Yes there are penalties for being offline. In "normal" (non-activity leak) circumstances, a validator loses approximately 15.8% of their stake per year they are offline. That's ~1.4% for being offline ...
- 1,248
6
votes
Accepted
What is the tech stack behind the Prysm client?
Raul Jordan here from the Prysm project. The Prysm client is an open source implementation of the Ethereum 2.0 blockchain written in Go, just as the familiar go-ethereum project was for Ethereum 1.0 ...
- 76
6
votes
Accepted
Can I split the eth-deposit for running a eth2.0-validator to multiple transactions
My question is, is it possible to split this deposit to multiple transactions (e.g. 4x8ETH)?
Yes, the smallest deposit you can make is 1 ETH1 and you can make as many as you like2.
Validators are ...
- 1,248
6
votes
Does Ethereum 2.0 still have use cases for oracles, why?
The basic ideas of blockchain remains the same in Ethereum 2.0; one of the basic concepts is they are deterministic. For our purposes that means that external data needs to be input into the ...
- 30.2k
6
votes
Accepted
Why does Ethereum 2.0 aim for 64 shards?
Considering the following, I guess the reasons are mostly based on performance and scalability.
The number of shards was redefined based on this proposal, which drastically simplifies communication ...
- 3,353
5
votes
Accepted
What is the tech stack behind the Teku client?
The recording is poor and it's a bit out of date now, but the this talk gives an intro to the Teku architecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PHZHpVPLk4
Generally the major components of ETH2 ...
- 221
5
votes
Accepted
How to stake ETH for Ethereum 2.0?
Ethereum 2.0 phase zero staking has been live since December 2020.
Ethereum 2.0 rewards proof of stake validators with block production rewards. The amount of reward depends on the network ...
- 23k
4
votes
Does staking on ETH 2.0 require a full node and how much space would that take?
There's a little ambiguity around the term "full node" here. In order to be an Eth2 validator, you require the following software components:
An eth1 node (geth, parity-ethereum, etc).
An ...
- 1,248
4
votes
Accepted
What caused the forks in the Schlesi testnet?
What were the causes of the forks?
There were some issues relating to rewards/penalties calculation. Both Lighthouse and Prysm were incorrectly computing the validator balances.
Interestingly, ...
- 1,248
4
votes
Will Ethereum 2.0 gas cost decrease?
As it sounds you do not need to interact with hashes from smart contracts, you could do something simpler. Ethereum blockchain that is designed for transfer-of-value is not good for store-of-hashes ...
- 23k
4
votes
Accepted
Will gas be free in ETH 2.0?
Gas will never be free. It has a purpose and that is to create a cost for a computation. If there was no cost for computation it would be possible to do infinite loops (with each loop being free) that ...
- 432
4
votes
Accepted
Why some validator have 2x32eth deposit?
Yes this is likely a user mistake (due to a technical error or misunderstanding the instructions) as you only get rewards on the first 32 ETH of the validator. The extra ethers are stucked until ...
- 4,352
4
votes
Accepted
What exactly is the content of blocks on the beacon chain?
Yes, beacon blocks after The Merge (when Proof of Stake replaces Proof of Work) will contain transactions.
Beacon blocks, up to and including Altair, have the following per
https://eth2book.info/...
eth♦
- 86.5k
4
votes
Extract rewards address for validators
You might be confusing things between execution layer rewards and consensus layer rewards. The withdrawal credential used by Lido is pointing all the withdrawals to ...
- 91
3
votes
How are block proposers selected in Ethereum 2.0?
if a proposer doesn't send a block during its slot, maintaining the same state, how is the next proposer selected?
The same state isn't maintained, each slot has a different state. The ...
- 1,248
3
votes
Accepted
What is the tech stack behind the Lighthouse client?
What are Lighthouse's major components?
From a very high level we have three components, each launched from the single lighthouse program:
Beacon node: connects to the p2p network, verifies blocks ...
- 1,248
3
votes
Accepted
Does the expected average block time for Ethereum 2.0 will change much so that transaction confirmation times can reach sub-seconds on-chain?
The block time for the upcoming Ethereum 2.0 (Eth2) is set to 12 seconds. This includes the beacon chain and shard chains.
This rate is defined in the Time parameters section of v0.11.1 of the Eth2 ...
- 1,248
3
votes
Accepted
What is an SSZ partial?
The idea of a SSZ partial is that any SSZ type (see SSZ spec what SSZ is) is just used to provide a typed "view": you have type information for everything that could be there, but you may only need ...
- 46
3
votes
Accepted
ethereum 2.0 sharding, how does data travel around from one shard to the other
I was reading this a few weeks ago: https://ethos.dev/beacon-chain/ . It explains everything you need to know and a lot more.
To be honest the article got way too deep for me and I didn't manage to ...
- 30.2k
3
votes
Accepted
How would a chain specification for a beacon chain look like?
Yep, they sure do! You can find a bunch of published specifications here:
https://github.com/eth2-clients/eth2-testnets
They are indeed based upon the "configs/ in the eth-2.0-spec" link you ...
- 1,248
3
votes
Accepted
What should I prepare for the coming ETH 2.0 upgrade as a Dapps developer?
There is nothing to worry just yet.
The casper protocol won't effect any smart contract much, it is just a new consensus protocol. I think the only thing that will effect is that they will use ...
- 1,144
3
votes
Accepted
LibP2P v DevP2P
devp2p is the older network wire protocol, for propagating blocks and other low-level functionality between Ethereum nodes. It was designed specifically for Ethereum from scratch, in isolation from ...
- 638
3
votes
Accepted
Is Casper FFG still going to be implemented?
Yes, Casper FFG will be implemented in Eth2 phase 0.
Most Eth2 client teams have already implemented the Eth2 variant of FFG and all public Eth2 testnets are using it.
Some recent information about ...
- 1,248
3
votes
Accepted
What happens to immutable contracts when Ethereum 2.0 will likely change the 15s block time?
The 15s block time is false assumption, making your question invalid. Ethereum was ticking 12s block times 2 years ago. It is not standard and fluctuates a lot of over longer period of time.
You ...
- 23k
3
votes
How to deploy Smart Contract on Ethereum 2.0
The Eth 2.0 testnet is only the beacon chain. It doesn't yet support smart contracts.
- 12.2k
3
votes
What is the difference between Ethereum 2.0 and the beacon chain?
Ethereum 2.0 consists of multiple phases. Phase 0 is the beacon-chain (with proof-of-stake). Phase 1 is sharding. The beacon chain is expected 2020-2021. Shards are targeted 2021-2022 (although ...
eth♦
- 86.5k
3
votes
Accepted
What are the Ethereum 2.0 testnets?
Ethereum 2.0 testnets can be categorized in different stages of testing, varying in their complexity of operation.
semi-public devnets
single-client testnets
multi-client testnets
semi-public ...
- 33k
3
votes
Accepted
On Ethereum 2.0 PoS, how/when are new coins minted?
According to the official Ethereum 2.0 Validator FAQ, the beacon chain mints fresh ETH as rewards by updating the balance of each PoS validator after every epoch:
How are rewards/penalties issued?
...
Only top scored, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible