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As it sounds you do not need to interact with hashes from smart contracts, you could do something simpler. Ethereum blockchain that is designed for transfer-of-value is not good for store-of-hashes use case.
Collect hashes to a single file
Publish this file in a decentralised storage network like Storj, Sia or FileCoin
Storj Tartigrade cost is $0.0045 per ...
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Gas will never be free. It has a purpose and that is to create a cost for a computation. If there was no cost for computation it would be possible to do infinite loops (with each loop being free) that would cause problems for the miners and system.
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Data storage in the blockchain always costs gas. Data reading also costs gas if it is performed in a transaction (typically when the same transaction stores and reads data).
You always use a node to access the blockchain and the node has all of the blockchain data. Therefore you can read the data directly from the node without sending any transaction (called,...
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If you send ETH and your transaction fails you only loose the gas paid.
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If the average gas price and the transaction flux stay as high as it is since a few months, it is very unlikely.
If you want to replace your transaction you can send a new transaction with the same nonce and a gas price much higher.
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For anyone wondering the same thing, I ended up reading the yellow paper.
Turns out in p.35 they add G_{newaccount} to the gas cost, which is G_{newaccount}: Paid for a CALL or SELFDESTRUCT operation which creates an account (25000).
I couldn't find anywhere the definition of 'creating an account' which is odd (e.g. just tested: sending only an ERC-20 token ...
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