20
votes
What exactly is the Nothing-At-Stake problem?
tl;dr from Casper 101
[In proof of stake] if there’s a fork in the chain, the optimal strategy for any validator is to validate on every chain, so that the validator gets their reward regardless of ...
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19
votes
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How many transactions per second can Ethereum currently handle? What changes will allow the network to be able to handle more?
I did the math to show the aprox tx/s:
The block gas limit is 7,999,992
Transaction costs 21,000 gas (let's assume nothing else is attached)
That's ~380 transactions per block
With a block time of ...
- 2,835
12
votes
Will a higher stake make more money in PoS?
It's counterintuitive but PoS is fairer than PoW (as we know it).
Economies of scale: a proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/...
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7
votes
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Casper-FFG vs Casper-GHOST-CBC
Here's a detailed post authored by an Ethereum researcher (with some bold added)
https://medium.com/@jonchoi/ethereum-casper-101-7a851a4f1eb0
Casper FFG is what will be introduced in Ethereum first:
...
eth♦
- 86.5k
5
votes
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What logic controls Proof of Stake voting?
The proposed proof of stake algorithm isn't a winner-take-all affair. Different validators bet on the accepted block. The winning block is the one that receives the most votes; votes are weighted by ...
- 6,680
5
votes
Understanding economic finality in PoW and PoS
Economic finality is a concept that is only used in the context of Proof of Stake, not Proof of Work (see the Vitalik quote further below). So, both "flavors" in the article you quoted above are just ...
- 2,279
5
votes
How does the 'secret chain' catch up with the real chain in the long range attack?
As the author of the quoted article noted himself:
Originally, I thought that this problem was fundamental, but in
reality it’s an issue that can be worked around. One solution, for
example, is ...
- 11k
5
votes
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Casper, Serenity, Constantinople, Ethereum 2.0
Casper is the proof-of-stake protocol. There are two being developed, one by Vitalik Buterin and another by Vlad Zamfir. Vitalik's is known as Casper FFG. Vlad's is known Casper CBC. They are NOT ...
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4
votes
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What are the open issues with the Casper proof of stake algorithm?
March / April 2017 Update from Vitalik Buterin about Casper
Relayed by Jim Manning in Eth News
Still needing to get done:
(1) Completing the code of the CASPER contract (3/4 done).
The 25% ...
- 2,279
4
votes
Where can I get latest Ethereum2 information?
You can find Ideas in this gitter-channel for research: https://gitter.im/ethereum/research
- 1,193
4
votes
Ethereum POS economics question about gravitating all ether supply to stake
Technical limitations
There are a few things that act together to prevent all ethers from being tied up in staking, or at least make it economically unattractive. The source for the info comes from ...
- 6,680
4
votes
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Plausible Liveness on Casper FFG
Rode this a few weeks ago. Let's try to explain it.
Supermajority links are the way in which the checkpoints are related more efficiently, as you can see on the photo provided, on figure C, ...
- 2,835
4
votes
Official Update on Ethereum 2.0?
Ethereum is a decentralized network so nobody has the last word on what is "official". Vitalik may propose something and everyone may ignore it. The closest thing Ethereum has to an "official" ...
- 16.9k
4
votes
Deliberate Slashing: Don't slashing and leaking incentivize DDOS attacks on smaller nodes? Won't this centralize POS more than POW, even?
This isn't a great question for Stack Exchange because you've buried a bunch of separate questions in the premises. Reddit would probably be better. But here goes.
The penalty for being offline for a ...
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3
votes
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Why did Ethereum not start with Proof of Stake?
A basic answer is that Casper was not ready (and Proof of Stake theory back then was lacking maturity).
Vlad Zamfir has some posts on his Medium about The History of Casper, starting with Chapter 1.
...
eth♦
- 86.5k
3
votes
Why did Ethereum not start with Proof of Stake?
I see two points why this could be the case, but they are only based on my intuition.
The first one is that the distribution of coins is not decentralized any more. In a PoS no new coins are ...
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3
votes
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Once PoS and Casper is reached, what stops block times from dropping into the millisecond range?
I think the answer is basically latency, plus giving enough of the nodes enough of a reasonable amount of time to validate. Millisecond blocks would only really get responses from a minority of nodes, ...
- 1,730
3
votes
Will a higher stake make more money in PoS?
A validator isn't supposed to be the average user, or the a member of the ruling class, or the outsider getting in. A validator is supposed to be an employee of the network. Specifically, their job is ...
- 7,330
3
votes
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How do Casper's validators compare to Dash's masternodes?
My main issue with Dash's masternodes is that they're so expensive to participate in. I know there are systems setup to pay for "shares" of a Dash masternode, but those are completely dependent on you ...
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3
votes
Speed of Ethereum for real time DApp
Currently the block time is around 17s
The average is currently between 14 and 15 seconds.
but the confirmation time is even longer around 2-3 minutes.
That depends on the gas price you're ...
- 38k
3
votes
How to RLP-encode messages in Solidity
https://www.npmjs.com/package/solidity-rlp
Here is a package I am maintaining to decode rlp bytes in solidity. you can checkout the code and usage instructions here: https://github.com/hamdiallam/...
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3
votes
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Liveness problem with Casper FFG?
If I'm understanding your example correctly, that's not exactly what a surrounding vote is. From the paper, a surrounding vote is:
h(s1) < h(s2) < h(t2) < h(t1)
This means that the source ...
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3
votes
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Casper FFG slashed deposits distribution?
Slashed funds are not "destroyed" but they disappear from the map, you can review the CasperFFG code to see what happens there:
https://github.com/ethereum/casper/tree/master/casper/contracts
...
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3
votes
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As of 2018 Sept 21st. When is the scheduled Casper Proof of Stake expected to arrive?
The latest information has come from a Techchrunch panel that included Vitalik Buterin and Ethereum researcher Justin Drake (among others). This panel, which took place in July 2018, discussed the ...
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3
votes
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Is Casper FFG still going to be implemented?
Yes, Casper FFG will be implemented in Eth2 phase 0.
Most Eth2 client teams have already implemented the Eth2 variant of FFG and all public Eth2 testnets are using it.
Some recent information about ...
- 1,248
3
votes
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Why did Ethereum PoS NOT use Tendermint as its consensus mechanism?
Well, well, well... Sensitive topic you're bringing here. The question is perfectly legitimate and the answer isn't clear. I will give the explanation I would give if I tried to defend Gasper and then ...
- 1,210
2
votes
What is the Long-Range-Attack in Proof-of-Stake?
From Casper 101:
It's roughly the same mechanism as 51% attack (make a longer chain that rewrites the ledger in the attacker’s favor), but instead of starting the attack 6 blocks back, go much ...
- 376
2
votes
What is network weight and my weight?
The Whitepaper - in its History section - explains that in the current Proof of Work system:
...the weight of a single node in the consensus voting process is
directly proportional to the ...
- 38k
2
votes
What are the open issues with the Casper proof of stake algorithm?
November 2017 (post Devcon3) Update:
Complete
Casper Friendly Finality Gadget ("Vitalik's Casper") specification and PoC code
Casper The Friendly GHOST ("Vlad's Casper") safety proof paper and PoC ...
- 376
2
votes
How much ethereum does one need for Proof of Stake?
Originally it was said to be about 1250 (https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/03/05/serenity-poc2/) but then the price of Ether started to rise and there was speculation that it would be set at 35 (EDIT: ...
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