In short, no. The process of creating a key pair is pretty much one-directional, and the reverse is hardly possible. By the way, why would you like to pull off a reverse?
Here's a good example of how this all works under the hood. It's YAD's interactive guide for beginners where you create the key pair step by step. But if you don't want to click, here's a short version:
Generate a private key using some degree of randomization. Along the lines of bitaddress.org or similar services.
Generate a public key from your private key using ECC (specifically the secp256k1 curve, which is a good fit for Ethereum).
Generate a public address out of the public key, which might also consist of generating a compressed public address, then refining this address, etc
See now how the right order of these steps is actually important, right? Hopefully, now you don't want to mess with it.