106
votes
Accepted
What happens when a transaction nonce is too high?
Summary
Transactions with too low a nonce get immediately rejected.
Transactions with too high a nonce get placed in the transaction pool queue.
If transactions with nonces that fill the gap between ...
62
votes
Accepted
What is nonce in Ethereum? How does it prevent double spending?
What is nonce in Ethereum?
If you refer to the Glossary at Github Wiki, there are two types of nonce used in Ethereum.
Account nonce - It's simply the transaction count of an account
Account nonce: ...
- 5,649
48
votes
Accepted
Do contracts also have a nonce?
Yes, contracts have nonces. EIP 161 made the contract nonce start at 1, and before EIP 161 the nonce would start at 0. A nonce of a contract is only incremented when that contract creates another ...
eth♦
- 83.3k
21
votes
Accepted
How does the Ethereum ETH accounting system work and prevent double-spends?
Each account has a globally accessible nonce which prevents same-chain replay attacks and double spends. The nonce is the sequence number, which miners check, because a block that has a transaction ...
eth♦
- 83.3k
21
votes
Accepted
Concurrency patterns for account nonce
I haven't yet got to the point where I can test any of these things, but my gut feel is that the Singleton Nonce Manager would be the way to go, with a few enhancements:
Make it a singleton ...
- 1,218
14
votes
Do contracts also have a nonce?
The answer to your question can be found in the yellow paper:
nonce: A scalar value equal to the number of trans- actions sent from this address or, in the case of accounts with associated code, ...
- 5,270
13
votes
Accepted
Truffle + Infura on Mainnet: Nonce too low error
If you're using Truffle with Infura directly (which it sounds like you are, although it's unclear why you mention MetaMask), you need to be aware that Infura is running on a server farm. If you submit ...
- 1,100
10
votes
How does the Ethereum ETH accounting system work and prevent double-spends?
I am not providing an answer here but I am elaborating on a small discussion with @eth which is relevant to the OP's question, and I wanted to share what I have learnt, thanks to @eth and a bit of ...
- 1,175
10
votes
Accepted
How do I set the nonce for raw transactions?
A raw transaction is the RLP encoded value of a signed transaction, i.e. everything included as defined by the yellow paper page 4, section 4.2
Nonces must already be included in the raw transaction, ...
- 10.3k
10
votes
Transaction stuck because of low gas price
Looking at your transaction, you have set a gas price of 4 gwei.
Though not very high for current traffic, this should eventually get picked up.
You can check gas prices and traffic on ETH Gas watch. ...
- 478
9
votes
What is nonce in Ethereum? How does it prevent double spending?
Firstly, it's 'nonce', not 'nounce'.
i) Yes, each address has a nonce. Addresses can have the same nonce, and often do.
ii) Yes, all nodes on the same blockchain have recorded the same nonce for ...
- 10k
9
votes
Accepted
Does nonce increase when the transaction fail?
TX3 nonce=?
2
A transaction is context-sensitive, so it can succeed or fail depending on what came before.
Why?
A transaction that has failed has definitely failed and its failure is recorded as ...
- 54.3k
8
votes
Accepted
Testnet First Transaction Nonce
It looks like you are on a testnet, which implements an initial nonce of 2^20 (0x100000).
The reason this is used is to prevent replay attacks on the main net, where transactions on the testnet are ...
- 36.2k
8
votes
Accepted
Reset MetaMask nonce
According to this documentation, there is a reset button in Metamask.
https://metamask.helpscoutdocs.com/article/36-resetting-an-account
See also https://github.com/MetaMask/metamask-extension/...
- 7,459
8
votes
Accepted
How to properly set nonce in a web3 contract invocation?
Apparently there's a nuance with the nonce... my error was I was setting the nonce to web3.eth.getTransactionCount() + 1, which left a gap between prior transaction nonce and next transaction nonce (...
- 519
7
votes
Accepted
Why am i getting "removed tx from pool: low tx nonce or out of funds"?
The bit of source code that generates this error comes from https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/4044a8cea44cd4cee3a8ddaf51a76b71c9d22042/core/tx_pool.go#L489-L502 and is called within the ...
7
votes
Accepted
Transaction nonce management
You're correct that all subsequent transactions would be refused.
So with Geth, you can rebroadcast with a higher fee (gas price) by using eth.resend (the nonce will remain the same).
eth.resend(tx, ...
eth♦
- 83.3k
7
votes
Accepted
Transfer an amount between two ethereum accounts using json-rpc
eth_sendTransaction can be used for sending Ether, for creating contracts and calling contract function. It all depends on the parameters.
For just sending Ether, you'd want to fill the value, to and ...
- 413
7
votes
Accepted
What does a position means in an ethereum Tx?
Nonce is the number of transactions the source account has made so far starting from 0, not from 1, position is the number of this transaction (mined) inside the block.
- 3,911
6
votes
Accepted
getTransactionCount always returns 1048576, no matter what address
It looks like you are on a testnet, which implements an initial nonce of 2^20 = 0x100000 = 1048576
More details here:
https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Morden#details
Initial Account Nonce (...
- 524
6
votes
getTransactionCount with 'pending' not working?
This is indeed a bug, as confirmed recently by members of the geth team. Bug Report
Until then, you will indeed need to manage nonce on the application side.
6
votes
Accepted
send raw transaction without knowing nonce
The nonce is part of the transaction data, so it contributes to the transaction hash, which is what you sign with the private key.
So you need to know the nonce you want to use before signing the ...
- 27.6k
5
votes
Why does difficulty affect the block header nonce range?
In that equation, the fancy n doesn't refer to nonce. Hn refers to nonce.
Here's the full, put together equation which might clarify it:
More info on difficulty:
Given an approximately uniform ...
- 15.8k
5
votes
How do I set the nonce for raw transactions?
The nonce is always the sender's transaction count. Receiving a transaction doesn't affect the nonce. When a transaction is processed, all pending transactions with a nonce lower than the confirmed ...
- 221
5
votes
how many transactions could be included in a new block from the same account?
Transactions with ascending nonces can be included in the same block, so there's no particular limit on the number of transactions from the same account.
- 16.7k
5
votes
Accepted
Getting and setting the nonce for a transaction
The nonce in the main ethereum network starts at 0 for each account and increases each time a transaction originates from that account.
You can just count the outbound transactions on etherscan.io, ...
- 27.6k
5
votes
Accepted
After a suicide operation, is contract’s nonce reset to 0?
After a suicide operation, is contract’s nonce reset to 0 ?
It seems the answer is yes.
An easy way to verify such a statement is to find a suicided contract and query a node to check its nonce.
For ...
- 4,202
4
votes
Accepted
Should correct transaction nonce be one less than account transaction count?
Yes, the nonce is zero indexed. Given that it's zero indexed and you have 7 executed transactions, means that the last used nonce was 6. So the next valid one needed for the pool to accept it is 7 (i....
- 10.3k
4
votes
Accepted
Can I use any nonce as long as it is not previously been used?
No, the nonce needs to equal the number of transactions sent from the address; so that also means no jumping around.
The account state comprises the following four fields: nonce: A scalar
value ...
eth♦
- 83.3k
4
votes
Accepted
Is there a technical upper limit for transaction nonces?
From github - Go Ethereum - core/types/transaction.go, lines 46-54:
type txdata struct {
AccountNonce uint64
Price, GasLimit *big.Int
Recipient *common.Address `rlp:"nil"` // nil ...
Only top scored, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible