51
votes
Accepted
How can you decompile a smart contract?
Compilation back to the original source code is impossible because all variable names, type names and even function names are removed. It might be technically possible to arrive at some source code ...
- 3,162
39
votes
Accepted
How can I verify that a contract on the blockchain matches the source code?
AFAIK the best way to do this at the moment is to compile the source code again with the exact same compiler version the author used (so this is something that needs to be disclosed) and to compare ...
- 2,517
32
votes
Accepted
What are the steps to compile and deploy a library in Solidity?
First, let's save both of those files in the same directory and run solc --optimize --bin MetaCoin.sol. The output is:
======= MetaCoin =======
Binary:
...
- 638
29
votes
Accepted
How to compile Solidity contracts with Geth v1.6?
Alternative 1 - Use Remix To Compile, Then Copy-Paste To Deploy
Use Remix from https://ethereum.github.io/browser-solidity:
Copy the Web3 deployment instructions from the Remix page:
var ...
- 39k
19
votes
How can I verify that a contract on the blockchain matches the source code?
To add to @thomas-bertani's answer, today etherchain.org released a verification tool for Ethereum contracts
Here's the text from the page:
Source code verification provides transparency for users ...
- 2,321
16
votes
What are the steps to compile and deploy a library in Solidity?
To add, it's possible to manually link contracts (if you wish to deploy both library and contract together.) The simplest way is just to replace all occurrences of the placeholders with the address.
...
- 7,060
13
votes
Accepted
Bytecode on block chain different from the one used when deploying
Yes, it is normal and the code on the blockchain is always a subset of the compiled (byte)code, because the compiled code includes initialization code. The compiled code is/executes a function which ...
eth♦
- 78.3k
12
votes
How can I verify that a contract on the blockchain matches the source code?
Currently the workflow is quite annoying. You need to compile the contract with the same compiler version and the same setting (look out for the "optimization=true" flag).
Now please note that the ...
- 7,216
11
votes
Why does a simple function returning a 'string', call another contract?
On discussing with the Solidity devs on Gitter, this is made clear: Solidity uses the identity function as a cheap memcpy operation, and the optimizer isn't currently clever enough to realise that it ...
- 7,579
11
votes
Accepted
What is the cheapest way to roundup() or ceil() to multiple of 1000?
Here's one solution:
contract Ceil {
function ceil(uint a, uint m) constant returns (uint ) {
return ((a + m - 1) / m) * m;
}
// To measure gas
function ceil1(uint a, uint m) ...
- 39k
10
votes
What does bytecode of blank contract do?
A user on Reddit kindly posted an opcode-by-opcode analysis for you:
PUSH1 0x60 PUSH1 0x40 MSTORE
Store 0x60 at memory location 0x40. I think this is normally used for variable indexing if you have ...
- 34.2k
10
votes
Accepted
How should we set a import path in solidity?
Files and paths are explained in detail here: http://solidity.readthedocs.org/en/latest/layout-of-source-files.html
Key points:
Paths
In import "filename";, filename is always treated as a path ...
- 15.2k
10
votes
Accepted
Why does compiled solidity code do this check on the argument with which it was called?
Code execution in EVM always starts with PC=0. So the method you have called is jumped to in a switch-like code segment in the beginning of the bytecode of the EVM.
CALLDATALOAD is not the argument ...
- 3,722
10
votes
Accepted
Status of ABIEncoderV2 now
Update 2020 (#2)
As of Solidity 0.6.0, ABIEncoderV2 is no longer experimental.
Update 2020 (#1)
An update from the Solidity team reads:
We are almost finished with implementing breaking changes and ...
- 14.6k
9
votes
Accepted
How to load Solidity source file into geth
I found this Solidity Compile Helper ruby wrapper
Usage
solc_helper contract.sol
This will generate a javascript file and print out a statement like the following.
loadScript('/path/contract.js')
...
- 9,343
9
votes
Accepted
All cases when Solidity compiles to invalid jump destination
Jumps to invalid jump destinations are generated only for (explicit or implicit) exceptions. An explicit exception is when you use the keyword throw. Implicit exceptions happen for runtime errors:
...
- 3,162
9
votes
Accepted
What is the program counter at the start of an Ethereum method execution?
The program counter is always 0 at the beginning of an execution. The contract sets the program counter to match the correct method call through a switch statement (a jump table) at the beginning of ...
- 3,722
8
votes
Accepted
Can I compile a smart contract without removing the line breaks?
My advice would be to use the Browser Solidity:
Just copy paste your contract, and if it compiles without errors you can just copy past the content of Web3 deploy:
var _numProposals = /* var of type ...
- 2,262
7
votes
How can I verify that a contract on the blockchain matches the source code?
https://etherscan.io/verifyContract is a verification tool. By providing the Solidity Source Code it checks if the generated Bytecode matches to the contract Bytecode (under the given address). user ...
- 17.5k
7
votes
Accepted
What does bytecode of blank contract do?
The "data" section mentioned in the yellow paper is the part that follows the PUSH instruction, i.e. the yellow paper only talks about push data. What you see in the assembly output is a higher-level ...
- 3,162
7
votes
Accepted
Is there a way to detect which compiler version produced a contract binary?
No, as there is no difference in the output of the bytecode from the simple contract Test {} plugged into Browser-solidity when using different recent versions of the Solidity compiler.
There is ...
- 39k
7
votes
Accepted
Is the Solidity compiler deterministic?
At least it should be deterministic. We eliminated some sources of non-determinism in May, so it now should always produce the same result on the same input, even on different platforms. If that is ...
- 3,162
7
votes
How to compile Solidity contracts with Geth v1.6?
I've encountered the same issue recently. There are a variety of workarounds, but here is the method I've employed. This isn't necessarily the best approach.
To generate bytecode:
> solc --bin ...
- 586
6
votes
All cases when Solidity compiles to invalid jump destination
Array Out Of Bounds
contract InvalidJump {
uint[5] data;
function invalidJump1() {
uint i = 6000;
data[i] = 1;
}
}
And the message is from debug.traceTransaction(...) is:
...
- 39k
6
votes
How can you decompile a smart contract?
There is a project Porosity now https://github.com/comaeio/porosity
It's also integrated into Quorum toolchain https://www.coindesk.com/first-ethereum-decompiler-launches-jp-morgan-quorum-integration/
- 161
6
votes
Accepted
returns (uint256) is not implicitly convertible to expected type uint256
Try adding a pair of brackets after gas(800):
feed.info.value(10).gas(800)
becomes
feed.info.value(10).gas(800)()
What the error message is trying to tell you is that you're telling it to assign a ...
- 16.3k
6
votes
What is the program counter at the start of an Ethereum method execution?
Illustrating more of @Thorkil's answer.
Example
A very rough example, for conceptual purposes only, of the "switch-like statement at the beginning of the contract".
method_id = first 4 bytes ...
eth♦
- 78.3k
5
votes
How to load Solidity source file into geth
Update Jan 3 2017
Note that Solidity 4.7 compiler makes different code for the same contract when you have different whitespacing. This will be important when you try to add verified sources in the ...
- 39k
5
votes
Accepted
How are the arguments of the constructor encoded in the contract creation transaction?
According to the Ethereum Yellow Paper (section 4.2), the contract creation transaction does not have a data byte array where the arguments to method calls are placed. The contract creation only has ...
- 3,722
5
votes
Require in modifier: Undeclared identifier
require is available since Solidity 0.4.10: https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/releases
Since your pragma requires an older Solidity version this leads to a compiler error.
- 8,114
Only top scored, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible