Questions tagged [consensus]

The process used by mutually untrusting users to agree on the validation and execution of transactions and smart contracts.

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How Ethereum supports in dealing with double spending problems

Let's us consider a scenario where I am using my ethereum wallet for creating a transaction request (where my account balance is 100 eth and I am doing a transaction of 50 eth to someone from one ...
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Are there more important "impossible triangles" aside from CAP theorem, FLP impossibility and Zamfir's triangle?

I have come across CAP theorem, FLP impossibility, and Zamfir's triangle ever since I began to study blockchain. As I interpret CAP theorem as the tradeoff between consistency, Availability, and ...
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How does Ethereum prevents a node from mining a block with tempered transaction?

My question is rather simple, and I found this question in the Bitcoin StackExchange that somehow relates to mine, although, for the Bitcoin Blockchain, which I'm not sure if Ethereum solves the ...
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PoW in Public blockchain Vs. PoW in Private blockchain

I am reading about consensus mechanisms in blockchain and it is stated that PoW (Proof of Work) requires longer confirmation time compared with voting-based mechanisms. But some things are not clear ...
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Could this work? Proof of Consistency?

So, I have been doing some research on Blockchain , for my dissertation, recently and had spent a lot of time researching consensus protocols. This had led me to wondering if there is any other ways ...
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How a consensus algorithm is implemented in a private Blockchain network ( ethereum )? [closed]

How to implement a new custom consensus algorithm in a network.
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How Proof-Of-Learning can be implemented?

Seen a paper on Proof-Of-Learning and wanted to know-how the consensus works and how to implement it in ethereum?
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Can block validation be done using machine Learning Algorithms?

I am looking for a new era of products that leverages the potential of Machine Learning and the blockchain, Thinking of different aspects of Blockchain which can be improved with the help of machine ...
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How a full node knows which chain to follow?

After Istanbul fork, my full node followed the longest chain which has: Longest Chain Highest TotalDifficulty It seems that the shorter chain of the core-dev closing the gap - total difficulty ...
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What's Ethereum's mechanism for transitioning to new consensus rules?

In Bitcoin, historically, several ways to fork the network in have been used: User Activated Soft Fork (UASF): on a certain hardcoded blockchain height the nodes simply start enforcing the new rules ...
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Why some transaction errors lead to discarding the whole block?

In terms of go-ethereum code, transaction errors can be grouped into (I made up the terminology) several categories by their effect on state transition. System errors: like database connection issues....
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Why is PoW needed to confirm transactions and add new blocks [closed]

I have read and I vaguely understand about how Proof of Work works and what does it do. But why PoW? Or more bluntly, why do we need any algorithm at all to add new blocks. What would happen if ...
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How the consensus informations are transported across the network?

Lets consider the scenario, if one node in India, finds the nonce (in pow) and it will generate the block and propagate to the network. How the block will move across the each and every node of the ...
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How to detect a consensus is BFT or not? [closed]

Can we divide consensus algorithms into BFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerant) and non-BFT ? If so, How to detect a consensus is BFT or non-BFT ? Is there any non-BFT consensus algorithm example ?
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Computational complexity of EVM consensus

Are there any resources that look at the computational complexity of running Ethereum on a private network? I am not considering any smart contracts or even transactions. I simply am trying to find ...
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How do I change the consensus algorithm for a network that i forked from github? [closed]

can i change the consensus algorithm for a network that has forked from github? is there any link to understand how can make changes to consensus
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Three questions

I have recently become interested in crypto and after much reading on Ethereum I still have three burning questions that perhaps some of you can help with. Apologies in advance as some of these might ...
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plug our own consensus in any one of ethereum client? [duplicate]

Actually i try to add new consensus and will through modifying some consensus to see its effect on transaction throughput. so what platform should i use that provide me this facility or should i use ...
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Why did cryptokitties congest ethereum network when it has resizable block size?

So I am wondering how come eth network got congested when block size is resizable and it can take more trx if needed? I am reading some info that it can do that but miners don't want to do it as it ...
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When is chain data (length) compared between nodes? Is there any way to control this?

I am trying to use an ethereum blockchain in a multiagent network. I would like to control when information is exchanged between nodes to keep the network synchronous, so I am trying to figure out how ...
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Are the terms consensus mechanism and consensus algorithm the same?

I have seen that the terms consensus mechanism and consensus algorithm are used interchangeably sometimes. Are they really the same or there is a subtlety to it?
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How exactly is the voting for the winning block regulated?

When using PoW, after an Ethereum miner has created a block, that block is propagated to peers (for verification and acceptance into the ledger). Obviously, the ETH reward for the mined block is not ...
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Stakeholder entry censorship in PoS

If I am not mistaken, the following two assertions hold true for Ethereum PoS: An entity becomes a validator in the upcoming PoS block validation scheme by first issuing a special transaction to ...
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How does new block propagation, step by step, work in Ethereum?

I'm trying to understand how nodes propagate new valid blocks in Ethereum. Here's my attempt at a step by step how description of the process: 1. Miner constructs a new block and starts iterating ...
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How does number of miners impact in processing the business logic(smart contract) in Blockchains

Does a number of validating devices/miners have an impact on processing business logic? If I understand correctly, as the number of validating devices increases, the time it takes to reach the ...
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dApp exploit using multiple wallets

Im currently building a dApp where users will create content that then can be bet on by other users. The design opens up the problem of a user creating content,logging in with another wallet address, ...
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How to prevent modifying blockreward in geth code?

I found below variables in geth file 'consensus/ethash/consensus.go' var ( FrontierBlockReward = big.NewInt(5e+18) //.. ByzantiumBlockReward = big.NewInt(3e+18) //....
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Who generates the mathematical problem for miners?

In POW miners solve an problem for successfully mining a block, who provide the question to the miners ?, does all miners work on same problem ?, and how the miners verify the answer ?, if the problem ...
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Decentralized Access Control in permissioned Blockchain

For a business use case I am conceptualizing for my master's thesis, which is based on a Blockchain system, I need to understand impacts on decentralization/trustlessness. Many people argue that ...
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How do consensus vulnerabilities occur when parity nodes do not mien?

While familiarizing myself with Ethereum, I found multiple security alerts referring to consensus issues, most notable those that arose because the geth and the parity client handled certain edge ...
BlockchainDieter's user avatar
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Ethereum fork that implements transaction ordering

Hyperledger fabric has its consensus that contains Transactions endorsement Transactions ordering Transactions committed to a block I wonder if there is an Ethereum consensus or fork that would have ...
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Where is the function that rewards the miner address for mining the block?

I have recently been digging into go-ethereum and have 'plugged' my own consensus mechanism which requires a node to solve a simple equation (2+2) etc to seal a block. However, even after letting it ...
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Relation between the number of block and transaction rate in Quorum

I want to know the relation between the number of blocks generated and the transaction send rate in quorum. I did some experiments on quorum with RAFT consensus, and I get (I invoked the same function ...
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Cloning geth and adding a POS consensus algorithm? [closed]

I am currently learning how to use geth, so far I was able to create a private POW and POA blockchain using one of its consensus types (Clique). I am wondering how feasible it would be to clone the ...
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Proof Of Authority Consensus and one authority getting hacked

What could happen if an authority (validator) gets hacked in a PoA consensus? Would it be able to block the system as it won't be able to mine its block?
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How do uncle blocks affect Ethereum world state?

Let's say you have two miners: A and B. Let's also say you have two transactions: one which increases a number at a smart contract by one (transaction X), and another which decreases the same number ...
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What is the max data and program complexity one smart-contract can support

I want to make a smart-contract for P2P trading. I am wandering if I have to create separate contracts for each bid and agreement between two entities, or I can simply create a single contract that ...
Noureddine's user avatar
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How is the state "undone/reverted" after a longer chain is determined?

So say there is block_a, and block_b, both at height 1677. And a node accepts block_a, but then recieves block_b + block_c (which is mined on top of block_b), how exactly are the state changes made in ...
cookiekid's user avatar
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What happened in the Ropsten hardfork from Byzantium to Constantinople?

What were the consensus issues during the Constantinople hardfork in the Ropsten testnet? One noted consensus issue is: geth and parity have been in noticeable disagreement regarding block ...
eth's user avatar
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Is there a temporal reward in Casper, that the earlier you place bets, the more you are rewarded?

In Casper, the consensus-by-bet proof-of-stake system, is there a temporal reward, that the earlier you place bets, the more you are rewarded?
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Can we use Proof of Authority on private mainnet?

I am trying to figure out a way to use consensus algorithm on a private blockchain network, preferably ethereum. came across many suggestions. One of the suggestions which stuck was using PoA on ...
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how to reach consensus berween only 2 peers?

Can consensus take place between only 2 peers? Scenario: I am a patient who is visiting a doctor and all the communication/transaction between the both of us happen via a blockchain based app. So ...
Siddharth Manda's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
116 views

Dual blockchain

Could anybody please help me to understand how dual blockchains work? There are many Dapps which are built on dual blockchains, especially using the combination of Ethereum and Hyperledger. But I am ...
Siddharth Manda's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
535 views

Proof of Authority or PBFT

I want to choose a consensus algorithm for permissioned blockchain in healthcare. I know PoA and PBFT are good choices, but I want to know which one is better? Thanks...
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Is "Proof-of-work" a subset of "Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT)"?

Can we say that Proof-of-work is a type of Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) ? In other words, is PoW a subset of BFT ? Or they are two different categories? Please note that there is a similar ...
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7 votes
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Who runs Plasma's side chains?

If I want to start a Plasma side chain for a project, do I need my own blockchain for it (with X amount of nodes etc) or is it run simply by those who participate in it? If it's run solely by its ...
Lauri Peltonen's user avatar
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1 answer
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Smart contract consensus - underpinned by transactions?

I can easily visualise how consensus can be reached on transactions in systems such as Bitcoin, but I struggle to understand how consensus can work in a smart contract platform - i.e how can nodes ...
dendog's user avatar
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1 answer
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Nothing at Stake problem - eth wiki

I am trying to understand proof of stake consensus. I found some explanation about the "nothing at stake problem at the Ethereum wiki. Here is the part about the "Slasher"-solution i don't understand:...
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6 votes
3 answers
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What is the Oracle Problem definition exactly and briefly?

What is the Oracle Problem definition exactly and briefly? Does it mean "trusting on a centralized Oracle" ? Or "How to reach a consensus between a group of Oracles" ? Is the matter "centralization" ...
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"consensus over state" vs. "consensus over events"?

Does someone know what is difference between "consensus over state" and "consensus over events" ? I found just title of a reference i.e. "Ian Grigg, blog post “The Message is the Medium,” 2017." ...
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