Questions tagged [blocks]
This tag is for questions dealing with the structure of blocks.
326
questions
2
votes
1
answer
18
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What is the "skip-block" exact definition in Ethereum 2.0?
In this article the term "skip-block" has been mentioned so briefly that it is not clear to me what its exact definition is. Is it a kind of block in Ethereum 2.0 ?
I also could not find ...
- 2,618
0
votes
0
answers
6
views
How can i know type of block?
How can i know if block fetched is
Byzantine,
Constantinople or
Frontier.
Since mining reward for each type is different. I need to know block type in order to calculate mining reward.
1
vote
0
answers
11
views
Does empty slot (by the proposal being offline) mean no transaction processing for 12 seconds?
guys!
When a validator chosen as the block proposal in a certain block goes offline, the slot goes empty.
Does that mean that no single transaction is successfully processed for the slot (for 12 ...
- 111
0
votes
0
answers
21
views
Go script using which I can simulate any transaction using geth and see the outputs of the transaction before actually sending it on the blockchain
Hello everyone.
I need a go script using which I can simulate any transaction using geth and see the outputs of the transaction before actually sending it on the blockchain. I want to give a list of ...
2
votes
2
answers
81
views
Given 2 transactions to my smart contact on the same block, how can I tell which came first within the contract?
My contract requires holding a history of all interactions to it. I have a hook for everything except tokens being sent to the contract — this requires a separate array of history from everything else ...
- 596
1
vote
0
answers
54
views
Why does the Polygon PoS Chain Average Gas Limit (per block) keep changing?
Most EVM chains have a fixed gas limit and gas target per block. For Ethereum, it's 30M and 15M: https://etherscan.io/chart/gaslimit
For Polygon, the gas limit seems to change every single block. How ...
- 11
2
votes
1
answer
62
views
What is the underlying mechanism behind empty slots in Ethereum?
Ethereum docs says:
However, occasionally validators might be offline when called to propose a block, meaning slots can sometimes go empty.
What happens when the randomly chosen validator is offline?...
- 121
1
vote
0
answers
18
views
Why do some mined transactions not contain a 'to' parameter?
Sometimes there are transactions inside a block that are missing the 'to' field.
How can there be a mined transaction without a to field? What happens to this transaction?
eg. one of the transactions ...
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
134
views
How to get the exact block number in Hardhat deploy script?
I have written a code in hardhat deploy script to fetch the exact block number at which the contract has been executed, but it usually returns the block next to the original. Any idea how to get the ...
- 741
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0
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12
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How is the relationship between parent_hash and hash ensured?
I found this schema of block.
I wonder how to make relationship betweeen hash and parent_hash.
In my head, it whould be like this(Postgres).
CREATE TABLE block (
hash VARCHAR(8) PRIMARY KEY,
...
0
votes
1
answer
41
views
Block timestamp
Require(block.timestamp + 1 days - 1 hours <= numbers [14] ,
"Must lock longer than x") ;
Require(number [14] < 9999999999, "Avoid potential timestamp overflow");
Locktime = ...
- 1
3
votes
1
answer
222
views
Are uncle/ommer blocks still possible after the merge?
Uncle blocks were produced before the merge when two miners found a solution at the same time and following blocks were appended to only one of them. So my question is, are uncle/ommer blocks still ...
- 240
1
vote
2
answers
106
views
How to access the difficulty of an older block from within a smart contract?
Is it possible to access properties of an older block from within a smart contract (e.g. difficulty, timestamp etc.)?
- 529
0
votes
1
answer
27
views
How can I get a large amount of Ethereum transactions in a database without running my own node? Does a database like this exist already?
I am doing research into Ethereum transactions and I simply need a database of 1000 transactions or just about 10 blocks worth of transactions. What is the easiest and fastest way to acquire this?
Do ...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
12
views
Is there a way to determine the state of a block?
I am interested in looking at trends of missing/skipped blocks over time. I haven't found an API that provides a way to get the state of a block, but I'm sure there must be one. I have found on ...
1
vote
1
answer
54
views
Coinbase transaction on ethereum
So, I learned that in bitcoin, a coinbase transaction is the first transaction that gets created in the block and it is used to give block rewards to the miner that mined the block. I was curious if ...
- 13
0
votes
1
answer
154
views
What is the difference between Relay and Builder post Merge in Ethereum?
I was listening to an episode of Bankeless where they were talking about things coming up, post merge. In that episode they mentioned block builders and relayers.
The context they mention it was ...
- 388
2
votes
1
answer
46
views
Broadcasting a transaction to be included in the next block
Since the merge we have predictable block times of around 12-13 seconds. I want to broadcast my transaction in a way that it is highly likely to get included in the next mined block, e.g. the block ...
- 240
0
votes
1
answer
14
views
Where are the docs on transaction filtering?
Say we have a user that tries to make a fake transaction. Where are the docs regulating how it is checked before it is fitted into block (pre and post PoS consensus merge )?
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3
votes
1
answer
84
views
Where are the blockchain transactions stored?
I'm studying the block structure in several blockchains like Bitcoin or Ethereum. When I started to read about blockchain, many sites and books said that transactions are stored in blocks. Ok, I got ...
- 31
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votes
0
answers
12
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Calculating TPS with gas
As part of a project I need to get an estimated TPS value for a handful of Blockchains. Can you calculate TPS from gas alone?
for example: TPS = (Gas Limit / Gas used) / block time
2
votes
2
answers
382
views
Are Ethereum blocks flexible in terms of size or are they capped?
Many blockchains have block size limits. But I am confused when it comes to Ethereum.
On one hand, I read that its block size is flexible. But on the other hand, I strongly suspect there must be a ...
- 107
1
vote
1
answer
349
views
Can we predict the blockhash of next block in Ethereum [duplicate]
After reading this SWC https://swcregistry.io/docs/SWC-120 I was curious how we can predict the blockhash of the next block. Because in the second example, it is saying the contract is vulnerable to ...
- 45
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1
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105
views
How to decode and update input data of a specific transaction?
So, I've decoded the input-data and fetched it via block-hash, Now what I want to do is that, I want to update the input data and post that updated input data back to the same transaction of the same ...
1
vote
0
answers
7
views
Output full block data
I am looking to get an example block's full data so I can examine what information is available within it.
The main questions I am looking to answer are:
Is there actual tx info within the block or ...
- 56
4
votes
1
answer
164
views
PBS - How & where do block builders submit their blocks?
With the merge and the change to PoS, there will also be a shift towards PBS. As far as i have researched, any block builder can build blocks with transactions from the mempool.
How are these blocks ...
- 240
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votes
0
answers
13
views
How to target the first block of a new hour?
Struggling with the issue of targeting the first block of a new hour on ETH mainnet.
I tried to query the latest block timestamp and add +15 seconds to predict if the next block will be the one I'm ...
- 21
0
votes
1
answer
33
views
How wallets sync blocks after consensus happen
i know that when user submits a transaction that transaction is then sent to all their peers by following this protocol https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/%C3%90%CE%9EVp2p-Wire-Protocol. Miners ...
1
vote
0
answers
19
views
Ethereum yellow paper is-sibling property
I'm reading the yellow paper and having some problems understanding equation 169 from here - also below:
s(U,H) = (P(H) = P(U) ∧ H != U ∧ U !∈ B(H)_U)
I can understand the first two conditions:
The ...
- 121
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0
answers
46
views
How is it possible to sign and attest a block within 12 seconds
I am digging deep into understanding the consensus layer specification for ethereum when it has moved to proof of stake.
I understand that time is divided into slots of 12 seconds, and 32 of such ...
- 388
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1
answer
99
views
How do I check if a block contains a transaction for a token like USDC or USDT
I'm exploring Blocks & Transactions at the moment. I can see in the blocks there's transactions which show what addresses sent ETH and where to. However, I'm wondering how to tell if these are for ...
- 115
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1
answer
11
views
Does different hardware spec affect the number of transactions a miner included in a block?
I am a newbie so any insight would be appreciated!
The number of transactions included in a block could be determined by a number of factors:
The gas price set by the miner who validated that block. ...
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
99
views
How determine is the hash finalized?
For some reason, I am require to store the hash to database. I would like to know is there any criteria to determine that the hash is finalize?
For example,
Block #15000000 have hash value of
...
- 101
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0
answers
62
views
How to estimate the transaction size of a Blockchain (Ethereum) from the given data?
The following is the data given for different blocks;
The 'size' column here refers to the block size. The aim is to estimate the transaction size for each block and compare that with the block size. ...
3
votes
2
answers
242
views
The Merge: should I stick with jsonrpc or move to eth api's?
I'm trying to understand what happens after the merge, what should my frontend clients do. Should they stick with the execution layer (EL) jsonrpc (they'll still have access to the latest transactions,...
- 264
0
votes
1
answer
221
views
How Uncles (Ommers) Hash include in headers?
I'm confused with the definition of uncle block. I read every articles and they say basically uncle block is a block that valid but lose the race to main blockchain. All the blocks' hashes that lose ...
- 229
3
votes
1
answer
215
views
Hardhat local transactions don't process
I'm new to hardhat. I am playing around with the local hardhat accounts, which are all funded for 10k ETH. All I want to do is send some ETH from 1 account to another, and check the second account's ...
- 31
1
vote
2
answers
203
views
How does a node rollback?
I've been trying to learn Ethereum's mechanisms for a little while, but there is a thing I still don't understand and it is how nodes switch to the correct state when solving a fork.
As far as I ...
- 13
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votes
1
answer
57
views
Does the Ethereum world state stored into DB every time when the block is mined?
The Ethereum block header stores the root hash of the world state trie, Does this means every time the state of world state is copied into levelDB for every block mined? Thanks for your answers.
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0
answers
66
views
Block propagation delay
I have some doubts related to block propagation time.
In a network built with Hyperledger Besu, I have 4 AWS machines, 3 in Paris and 1 more in Oregon. The block propagation times are crazy, like 2 ...
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votes
0
answers
67
views
How to get the transactions that have logs from a getBlockByNumber call?
I am interested in getting all the transactions from an Ethereum block that have emitted events.
Would it be possible to get this information from the individual transaction from a getBlockByNumber ...
- 111
0
votes
1
answer
258
views
What is the aggregation_bits in beacon chain's Attestation?
The beacon chains Attestation data structure has an aggregation_bits
class Attestation(Container):
aggregation_bits: Bitlist[MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]
data: AttestationData
signature: ...
- 388
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vote
0
answers
151
views
Block capacity - Hyperledger Besu
Good afternoon,
I am trying to perform a transaction capacity test on my network with Hyperledger Besu with 4 validator nodes and a time per block of 4seconds.
I have created a script with NodeJS that ...
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
36
views
How to store contract state on multiple blocks?
Eth blocks have a clear block size and gas limit (of 30,000,000).
Some contract states must require more memory than the defined block size, right?
Now my question: can the contract state be saved on ...
- 23
0
votes
1
answer
152
views
Speed up Frontrun Bot
I've made a frontrun bot for the Binance Smart Chain.
It's working fine, but just for 50% of all transactions..
In the other 50% the is missing the transaction by 1 block.. Example is below
My ...
- 33
0
votes
1
answer
112
views
How to include a transaction in a selected block/or at particular time
There is this particular function of the project which is required to be triggered by someone on BSC blockchain manually at a particular time to execute certain functions. A person who gets to the ...
- 3
1
vote
0
answers
27
views
How do miners choose what transactions to include first in the block (after London)?
I have read Does using a very high gas limit somehow get your transactions executed slower? and How transactions are selected by the miners?
My main question is the same, how do miners include ...
- 11
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votes
0
answers
13
views
In Go Ethereum private chain what is the maximum limit of number of transactions in a single block
What is maximum limit of transaction packaging in single block ?
Can it be increased ? If yes how ?
- 137
0
votes
1
answer
45
views
how to tackle block gas limit to send large data file as transaction on ethereum
I want to send ethereum blockchain a file approx 39KB. The file is like array generated by python code. I dont want to use IPFS and oracle. Is this file exceed block gas limit? if yes, then can i ...
- 101
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votes
2
answers
955
views
Why geth fast sync or light sync does not get the latest highest block
I am running geth "light" mode: geth --syncmode "fast" console. I have the following problem. The highest block is always be 13773036, which is created at 3 days ago:
web3.eth....
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