Questions tagged [assembly]
The assembly tag has no usage guidance.
0
votes
1answer
24 views
Convert bytes to uint256[]
I am writing an implementation of ERC777TokensRecipient. So that means a function
function tokensReceived(address operator, address from, address to, uint256 amount, bytes data, bytes operatorData) ...
1
vote
2answers
29 views
how to join two bytes32 values in solidity?
Below is work example of joining two bytes arrays. I wonder how I can join two bytes32 using assembly or solidity? two bytes32 values should serve as an input and a joined bytes32 is an output.
...
6
votes
1answer
65 views
When did the Ethereum “free memory pointer” change? (6060… -> 6080…)
I have been digging a bit deeper into the Ethereum bytecode with the specific goal to do contract verification from the source code.
I noticed, while doing some tests, that the initial bytes of the ...
0
votes
1answer
40 views
Assembly call instruction address as single integer
The following function is a function of a library (The code is written in Solidity). It has an assembly instruction that I do not understand. Specifically at line call(sub(gas, 2000), 6, 0, input, ...
1
vote
0answers
55 views
Concatenating byte strings in assembly for call input data
I have the following piece of code in my contract. It's supposed to take in a byte string composed of a uint flag that is followed by a variable list of uint numbers and contruct a call using those ...
1
vote
1answer
119 views
Assembly opcodes
I need some help understanding assembly functions
pragma solidity ^0.4.23;
contract Test {
function addTest() public pure returns (uint c) {
bytes memory b = new bytes(1024);
assembly { c:...
2
votes
1answer
112 views
Get return data from delegatecall
I'm using a low level delegatecall to forward my calls to a library.
I need to (in this order) :
load bytes4 sig into _message from memory
load bounty (STRUCT) into _message from storage
load bytes ...
2
votes
1answer
86 views
Optional Multi-Parameter Call to External Contract
I would like to half implement ERC223 for business reasons. This means being able to notify other contracts when they receive tokens, but not revert if the recipient is a contract that doesn't ...
1
vote
1answer
27 views
Why is mstore not working here? (assembly)
function debug() returns (bytes) {
bytes memory ret = new bytes(6);
bytes memory word = new bytes(6);
word = hex"61626f757400";
assembly {
mstore(add(ret, ...
1
vote
1answer
44 views
Compile standalone assembly
The solidity wiki explains that standalone assembly is also possible. However, I cannot compile it. For example:
{
mstore(0x40, 0x60) // store the "free memory pointer"
// function dispatcher
...
0
votes
2answers
149 views
Combining two 32 byte values (bytes32) into a 64 byte value
I am passing 64 byte public keys into my solidity function as two 32 byte parts, high 32 bytes and low 32 bytes. How do I combine them back to a 64 byte value in Solidity (cost efficiently)? Looping ...
1
vote
1answer
125 views
How do I construct a call to contract return string using inline assembly?
pragma solidity ^0.4.21;
contract Test1 {
function add(int a, int b) returns(string){ //Simply add the two arguments and return
return "Qmrwokdkeoiudkeooiskelpdislpeosj;sd[opek;s[pkfe,;...
0
votes
1answer
141 views
Is there a difference between the call stack and the “normal” stack?
I cannot find any good source on this. The "normal" stack is where all PUSH opcodes put their bytes on. The "call stack" could be some other stack where either call data or addresses are put on - ...
1
vote
1answer
36 views
Using mstore to copy bytes32 does not work, why?
Why does mstore(c, p) not copy p to c?
function test()returns (bytes32) {
bytes32 c;
bytes32 p = 0xFF;
assembly {
mstore(c, p)
}
return c;
}
0
votes
1answer
45 views
Convert two int128 variables to Bytes32 and back
For Bytes32 to 2x int128 I have working code. I've adapted code from this stack Exchange answer
function bytes32to2xint128(bytes32 z) pure public returns (int128 x, int128 y){
bytes16[2] memory ...
0
votes
1answer
158 views
How can assembly be used to add bytes together? [duplicate]
To store data on the blockchain, a storage container bytes[6] data is used, each array stores maximum amount based on block gas limit. Can assembly be used to add those 6 arrays together, and return ...
3
votes
2answers
838 views
3
votes
2answers
261 views
Returning values from Solidity function that does not define a return?
I'm a bit confused by the code at this smart contract, which is part of the Aragon project code:
function delegatedFwd(
address _dst,
bytes _calldata,
uint256 _minReturnSize) internal {
...
0
votes
1answer
65 views
Forward call to another smart contract
I have created a smart contract using a factory method pattern as follows:
contract MyContractFactory is Ownable {
function create(...) onlyOwner public returns (MyContract) {
return new ...
-1
votes
2answers
93 views
Plot a gaussian distribution in Solidity
are there any libraries to plot a gaussian distribution, and measure position along that curve? like https://github.com/errcw/gaussian in javascript
2
votes
0answers
51 views
Append address to bytecode and then deploy it
I'm trying to write a deployer function which would allow me do deploy arbitraty code. So far, I can deploy a contract with parameters using this snippet found here:
// js truffle
const tokenWeb3 = ...
1
vote
1answer
242 views
Solidity assembly question - mstore
I was searching on how to convert a uint to bytes in Solidity and found this answer.
function toBytes(uint256 x) returns (bytes b) {
b = new bytes(32);
assembly { mstore(add(b, 32), x) }
}
...
1
vote
2answers
270 views
Solidity to inline assembly
Taken a smart contract like the following:
contract A {
address public beneficiary;
function A(address _beneficiary) public {
beneficiary = _beneficiary;
}
function () ...
1
vote
1answer
295 views
Accessing array elements with inline assembly
Using a loop in inline assembly compared to a regular solidity for loop saves around 20% in gas cost.
I'm struggling however with looping over an array through inline assembly. Is this possible and ...
1
vote
1answer
267 views
Add data to an array in assembly for solidity
Hi I'm trying to make a function in assembly inline with following purpose:
Given: An array in the blockchain with names (= bytes32[] _documentHashes).
Asked: Find which indexes are equal to the ...
1
vote
0answers
25 views
Solidity VM memory management
I'm trying to do an external function call in assembly.
So I have to prepare a memory area that store the input args.
But where's the address that I should start with mstore?
I mean, there are some ...
0
votes
1answer
161 views
What does the assembly part of this function do? (in receiveApproval )
I'm trying to wrap my head around the approveAndCall() function, because I want to allow users to pay for functions of my main contract with the associated tokens.
I'm trying to understand the ...
8
votes
1answer
428 views
How could msg.sender != tx.origin AND extcodesize(caller) == 0 be true?
I'm working on a puzzle where msg.sender != tx.origin, so the implication is that the caller needs to be a contract or at least something in between the calling account.
But extcodesize(caller) == 0 ...
1
vote
0answers
175 views
Cast bytes to bytes32 using assembly [duplicate]
Is there any way of converting bytes into bytes32 using solidity assembly? (avoiding a loop, and knowing the size of the input bytes array)
2
votes
1answer
214 views
Out of gas exception when calculating Keccak256 inline solidity assembly
I am trying to write a simple function which should return me Keccak256 of an incoming uint using Solidity inline assembly function, however it returns me out of gas exception when trying to execute ...
1
vote
0answers
71 views
Should I not use this string-byte type casting assembly code?
My string to bytes32, bytes32 to string code is below.
function _stringToBytes32(string _string)
internal
pure
returns (bytes32 _bytes32)
{
require(bytes(_string).length < 33)...
0
votes
0answers
141 views
Delegatecall trouble
I'm trying to build a simple example using proxy contract and delegatecall but I'm having trouble making it work .
What I'm trying to achieve is : Having a contract Dummy extending Proxy that will ...
0
votes
1answer
86 views
SHA3_512 library, convert the input and output to 512-bit bytes
The SHA3_512 library takes an input uint64[8] and outputs uint32[16]. To convert the input from 64 bytes and the output back to bytes, I wrote this, but it gives the wrong result. What are some ...
2
votes
2answers
224 views
convert bytes to uint8[8] using mstore()
I know how to convert bytes to uint8[8] using mload but mstore seemed like it could be more gas efficient.
Is something like this possible?
function bytesToUintArray(bytes input) returns (uint8[8])) ...
1
vote
1answer
403 views
hexadecimal (bytes) to binary (uint) in a smart contract
What are some ways to convert from bytes8 hexadecimal to uint64 binary?
2
votes
2answers
275 views
Get public key from signature in a smart contract (note, public key, not address)
Are there any libraries to get a public key from a signature in a smart contract? The ecrecover method returns an address, not a public key, and to do computations that need to derive a public key ...
5
votes
3answers
538 views
Get address from public key in Solidity
The address is the last 20 bytes of sha3(publicKey)
In Solidity, using assembly if needed, how could I splice the first 12 bytes from sha3(publicKey) and get the address? What I came up with runs out ...
1
vote
1answer
55 views
Under what circumstance does CALL return nonzero?
Reading the yellow paper http://yellowpaper.io/ documentation for CALL.
µ'_s[0] ≡ x
where x = 0 if the code execution for this operation failed due to an exceptional halting, Z(σ, µ, I) = > or if ...
0
votes
1answer
47 views
How to store x amount of uint8s inside a byte32?
I'm trying to store an array of uint8 but its not very gas efficient. This is my current solution of storing things:
uint8[5] public VALUES = [10, 11, 12, 13, 14];
The problem is that I will have ...
2
votes
1answer
763 views
Understanding solidity inline assembly code
Here is a code from solidity documentation:
function sumAsm(uint[] _data) public returns (uint o_sum) {
for (uint i = 0; i < _data.length; ++i) {
assembly {
...
1
vote
0answers
87 views
EVM Assembly tags
Studying the Solidity optimizer i found that the assembly code is divided into tags and the optimizer doesn't work between them
From Solidity docs Optimizer Internals:
It splits the sequence of ...
0
votes
1answer
132 views
Return subset of variable-length array
How does one return the first x elements of an array of addresses?
I'm pretty sure this can be done in assembly but could not find the reference.
1
vote
1answer
39 views
Standalone assembly contract: control flow error
I'm trying to understand why the following toy contract does not work. I can deploy it successfully, and transactions with fewer than 36 bytes of data are successful, but those containing 36 bytes or ...
3
votes
2answers
1k views
Concat two bytes arrays with Assembly
Does anyone know how to efficiently concat two bytes arrays with assembly language to save gas costs? Currently I have
function mergeBytes(bytes param1, bytes param2) returns (bytes) {
bytes ...
2
votes
1answer
274 views
How to pass parameters to Contract constructor using when using assembly?
Here I have a function which deploys a Contract straight from bytecode, but let say my contract needs some arguments in the constructor, is it possible to pass them through create opcode?
function ...
3
votes
1answer
497 views
Problem using created array from assembly
I've used the code from the solidity assembly tutorial here to create a single dimensional array in assembly. The code is as follows:
contract C {
function f(uint a, uint b) constant returns (uint[]) ...
1
vote
1answer
206 views
Assembly for array with bytes64, to bypass nested array error
Since it is not possible to pass call code with an array of bytes64, as an array with types bigger than bytes32 becomes a nested array, Why is bytes[] a nested array?
How would assembly be used to ...
10
votes
1answer
263 views
How to generate sugared assembly code from Solidity code?
In the Solidity documentation I see a sample assembly code:
{
mstore(0x40, 0x60) // store the "free memory pointer"
// function dispatcher
switch div(calldataload(0), exp(2, 226))
case ...
1
vote
1answer
144 views
Can't understand hashing mechanism for mappings
I have a contract with function
function addToBalance () payable {
userBalances[msg.sender] += msg.value ;
}
Debugged assembly and stumbled on the code that calculates key for store:
...
0
votes
1answer
153 views
EVM assembly level debugger
I want to examine behavior of some EVM instructions in live mode, but can't find any tools like debuggers/emulators which give nice look of stack and memory and ability to execute contract by steps.
