vm exception while processing transaction: invalid opcode error

Question

I've been running this code on remix ide on injected web3 with my ganache server in on state, then also i'm getting this error of invalid opcode. The code runs perfectly in rinkeby test network.

pragma solidity ^0.5.7;
contract cust{

    struct a{
        uint id;
        string name;
    }

    a[] arr;

    function set(uint x, string memory y ) public
    {
        a memory temp;
        temp.id=x;
        temp.name=y;

        arr.push(temp);
    }
    function get(uint x) public view returns(uint,string memory){
        uint i;
        for(i=0;i<arr.length;i=i+1)
        {
            if(arr[i].id==x)
            {
                return(arr[i].id,arr[i].name);
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

Every time I have ever gotten an invalid opcode error the byte code of the compile contracts got corrupted or it was an error in ganache. If it works on a testnet, I would say your error is probably ganache.

Things to try:

• Delete your build directory and recompile (as you are using remix, change something and then recompile). This is to ensure your byte code did not get corrupted (can happen with lots of recompiles).
• Restart ganache. Good old fashion turning it off and on again. Sometimes fixes it.
• Update ganache and try it (if restarting it didn't work).

If the issue persists but your code works on a testnet, then assume it is ganache and there is nothing much you can do.

Hope this helps :)

NOTE: My problem was solved by disabling 'Error on transaction'. If using ganache GUI go to Settings >> Server >> disable Error on transaction.

Hope that to be helpful 😉

Answer 2

I was facing same issue once dealing with ganache. Make sure to keep same gas limit on ganache-cli and remix IDE.

Things to do:

1. If you haven't installed ganache-cli, please try following command. npm install ganache-cli
2. Then navigate to your account by using following command. ganache-cli -a
3. Then you could get gas limit and make sure keep same gas limit to your remix IDE.

Answer 3

I resolved the issue by updating from package "ganache-cli" to "ganache" (version 7.8.0).

Answer 4

I'm using hardhat instead of Ganache but I got the same issue. I fixed the same issue by upgrading the hardhat package.

Answer 5

I ran into this error after updating my version of the solc compiler. The solution was to empty my build/ directory and re-compile my contracts.

Answer 6

I faced a similar issue, I was using ethers.js and solc with JavaScript and Ganache. Issue was fixed by changing my solc version to "0.8.7-fixed"

from what I found out, this issue occurs due to corrupted contract binary data. issue CODE-32000

Answer 7

One possible reason is that your compiler is newer than the network you are deploying your code to.

This happens because e.g. in Cancan hardfork some newer opcodes were introduced, and Ganache (which is anyway deprecated) supports creating local networks only up to Shanghai hardfork.

For details see solc changelog and the list of opcodes.

So starting with compiler version 0.8.24 (support for Cancan) and for sure 0.8.25 (MCOPY, so even simple constructor will cause Invalid Opcode) do not deploy to Ganache.

Example of the simple constructor failing would be

    constructor(string memory initialMessage) {
        message = initialMessage;
    }

producing

Runtime error: invalid opcode
...
Web3ContractError: code couldn't be stored

Answer 8

This arises due to accessing an out of bound index value