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I have been digging a bit deeper into the Ethereum bytecode with the specific goal to do contract verification from the source code.

I noticed, while doing some tests, that the initial bytes of the Ethereum contract has changed somewhere between 0.4.21 and 0.4.22.

Normally, a contract would always start with:

6060604052

PUSH1 0x60 PUSH1 0x40 MSTORE

But starting at 0.4.22 and onward, they seem to start with:

6080604052

PUSH1 0x80 PUSH1 0x40 MSTORE

What is the significance of this change, and where can I find documentation about this change?

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1 Answer 1

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The contract prologue instructions changed to provide an additional slot at 0x60, which should always hold the value 0. The documentation states that:

The zero slot is used as initial value for dynamic memory arrays and should never be written to (the free memory pointer points to 0x80 initially).

FYI I checked several contracts with JEB Decompiler, and it seems they agree with you: contracts with the old prologue (0x60 bytes) are detected as generated by Solidity <= 0.4.21, whereas contracts with the new prologue are detected as >= 0.4.22.

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  • Very cool reference to the documentation. I also see that the sentence you quote was added to the docs specifically on 0.4.22. Last question I would have is "Why did this change?"
    – Shawn Tabrizi
    Commented Dec 5, 2018 at 1:25
  • Most likely, for optimization purposes: if the compiler knows that the memory word at offset 0x60 is always 0, it can use that to optimize memory-array write operations during initialization or reset. My guess is that (some) constructs like "PUSH 0 / PUSH offset / MSTORE" (used to initialize [offset] to 0) can then be avoided. We would need to see that in code though. If you compile a non-trivial contract making use of memory arrays with a recent version of Solidity, you should be able to see how [0x60] is being used.
    – Alex Byrde
    Commented Dec 5, 2018 at 17:33
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    the documentation url format was updated, here are the links to 0.4.21 and 0.4.22. docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.4.21/miscellaneous.html docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.4.22/miscellaneous.html
    – j4ys0n
    Commented Feb 12, 2022 at 20:53

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