I've noticed the GetTransactionReceipt function returns an array of logs that were created as a result of the transaction being processed. However, I wonder if there is a way to get a list of Events that a transaction created during its execution, since those two don't seem to be synonymous. Or does GetTransactionReceipt already return both logs and Events?
Events are really just a layer on top of logs. The logs are the events, but they need to be interpreted as such in your code. That said, I haven't found a very easy way in web3.js
to parse the logs using a contract's ABI to get at them in log form.
Read http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/contracts.html#events for some background on the relationship between logs and events.