(I'll assume you aren't going to run into OS licensing issues and can boot straight in and that you've handled any network issues.)
You should have two nodes that stay in sync with the network and can serve requests. You shouldn't notice any differences/problems for the configuration you've described. The new machine will have many of the same peers as the first one, which may be undesirable, because it will have the same peers list. I've forked VM disk images with no trouble with geth
(pre-DAO). You may need to delete the nodekey
file on the "new" machine (see here); I've always done this, so I don't know what happens if you don't (probably nothing terrible).